Microsoft backend engineer interviews typically focus on APIs, databases, system design, concurrency, caching, and data structures.
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system design
Hard
Verified Question
#1
1. Top 5 System Design Questions Jan 2026
Category: Interval-based system design problem# Top 5 Recently Asked System Design Questions - Microsoft These are the commonly asked system design questions from Microsoft interviews and some...Input: List
Output: Computed result
system design
Senior
messaging
#1
1. [OA] Message Queue Client — design a messaging system for asynchronous processing in Microsoft Azure.
In Microsoft Azure, effective message queuing is essential for reliable asynchronous communication between microservices.
Problem: Implement a
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-
-
Input:
Output:
Output:
- Queue names and messages are at most 100 characters long.
Problem: Implement a
MessageQueue class with the following methods: -
sendMessage(queueName: String, message: String) -> void: Adds a message to the specified queue.-
receiveMessage(queueName: String) -> String: Retrieves a message from the specified queue; returns an empty string if the queue is empty.-
peekMessage(queueName: String) -> String: Returns the next message in the queue without removing it.Example 1: Input:
MessageQueue mq = new MessageQueue(); mq.sendMessage("queue1", "message1"); mq.sendMessage("queue1", "message2"); mq.receiveMessage("queue1"); Output:
"message1"mq.peekMessage("queue1"); Output:
"message2"Constraints: - Queue names and messages are at most 100 characters long.
system design
Senior
api design
#2
2. [OA] RateLimiter — control API request rates effectively for Microsoft Azure APIs.
In Microsoft Azure, managing API request rates is crucial to ensure the infrastructure can handle incoming traffic while providing a stable service.
Problem: Implement a
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-
Input:
Output:
Output:
Output:
Output:
Output:
Output:
- A user can make up to
- UserId string is at most 100 characters long.
Problem: Implement a
RateLimiter class with the following methods: -
allowRequest(userId: String) -> boolean: Returns true if the request from the user is allowed, false otherwise. -
updateLimits(userId: String, limit: int) -> void: Updates the request limit for the user.Example 1: Input:
RateLimiter rateLimiter = new RateLimiter(); rateLimiter.updateLimits("user1", 5); rateLimiter.allowRequest("user1"); Output:
truerateLimiter.allowRequest("user1");Output:
truerateLimiter.allowRequest("user1");Output:
truerateLimiter.allowRequest("user1");Output:
truerateLimiter.allowRequest("user1");Output:
truerateLimiter.allowRequest("user1");Output:
falseConstraints: - A user can make up to
10^3 requests per second. - UserId string is at most 100 characters long.
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