Describe how memory management works in Java. What are the key differences between the Stack and Heap storage? How does the Garbage Collector operate? What types of references exist in Java? Explain how they are used to manage memory effectively.

Memory management in Java involves both the Stack and the Heap. The Stack memory is used for static memory allocation, where local variables are stored, while the Heap is used for dynamic memory allocation. The Garbage Collector is responsible for automatic memory management, reclaiming memory from objects that are no longer referenced. Java has four types of references: strong, weak, soft, and phantom references, which allow for varied levels of garbage collection and memory management strategies.