Explain the concept of Garbage Collection in Java. How does it work, and what are the different types of garbage collectors available in the JDK? Discuss how garbage collection can impact application performance and memory usage in an application lifecycle.

## What to Cover Explain garbage collection mechanics like reachability analysis, memory regions (young/old generation), and compaction. ## Watch Out For Be sure to discuss performance impacts, tuning options, and the pros/cons of different garbage collectors.